Counting somatic cells in milk is crucial for assessing udder health in dairy cows and the overall quality of the milk. High somatic cell counts (SCC) often indicate mastitis, an infection of the mammary gland, and usually lead to reduced milk quality and potential economic losses for farmers. Monitoring somatic cell counts is a vital practice in dairy farming and processing industries.

1. Assessing Udder Health:

• Mastitis Detection: Somatic cells, primarily leukocytes (white blood cells), increase in milk as a response to infection or inflammation in the udder. High SCC levels are a strong indicator of mastitis, either clinical or subclinical. 
• Early Detection: Counting somatic cells allows for the early detection of mastitis, even before visible signs like clots or changes in milk consistency appear. 
• Monitoring Herd Health: Regular SCC testing helps monitor the overall health of the dairy herd and identify cows that may need treatment. 

2. Evaluating Milk Quality:

• Impact on Shelf Life: High SCC in milk can lead to a shorter shelf life and reduced quality of dairy products. 
• Changes in Composition: High SCC can alter the composition of milk, affecting the levels of lactose, fat, and proteins like alpha-lactalbumin. 
• Cheeseand Yogurt Production: High SCC can negatively impact the production of cheese and yogurt, affecting yield, texture, and flavor. 
• Impact on Taste: Elevated SCC can lead to changes in the taste and odor of milk and milk products. 

3. Economic Implications:

• Price Penalties: Dairy processors often pay a premium for milk with low SCC. High SCC can result in price penalties. 
• Reduced Milk Production: Mastitis can lead to a decrease in milk production. 
• Increased Treatment Costs: Managing and treating mastitis requires time, resources, and potentially antibiotics, leading to increased costs.